Saturday, November 30, 2019
Scientific Method Case Study Essay Example
Scientific Method Case Study Essay To give you an idea of how the scientific method works, you are going to go through the steps that we outlined above. You are given the scenario below, and you are to design and conduct an experiment. Use the scenario below, and solve the problem using Scientific Method. You notice that the grass around your house is brown, short, and dead. The grass around your neighbor’s house is green, tall, and alive. Use your understanding of the Scientific Method to explain what you have observed. 1.    Recognize a question or a problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2.    Develop a hypothesis. 3.    Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis. 4.    Analyze the data and reach conclusions about your hypothesis. 5.    Share knowledge with the scientific community (your class). In this case, the problems requires a lot of analysis and thinking to come to a conclusion as to what the problem is, what is the cause of the problem and what are the effects of the problem. The entire problem should be handled in a scientific manner by a process known as ‘scientific method’. This involves four steps: I.     Making observations and describing the problem II.     Formulating the hypothesis of the problem III.     Using the hypothesis to determine the presence of any other problem. IV.     Conducting experiments to test these problems. Several independent researchers would be conducting the experiments. A hypothesis should be conducted to determine the cause of the problem or rule out the cause of the problem. In this case, the hypothesis is not a known fact or a theory of nature. Hence, it has to be proved through relevant studies. An experiment needs to be conducted to determine the exact cause of the problem. The grass on my side of the house would be considered as part of the case group, and on my neighbors part it would be considered as the control group. Now I would have to determine the factors that are responsible for the grass growing dead and short in my lawn. These may include: 1.           Animal or human urine or excreta being passed. 2.           Use of chemical or fertilizers, which could cause burns. 3.           Fungal growth and disease 4.           High humidity or too warm temperatures 5.           Bug, grubs, cricket or insect infestation 6.           Lack of available water for the grass The hypothesis needs to be tested to determine the exact cause of the problem and develop a solution for it. One Method would be to take a small sample portion of the field and subject it to tests in which each of the factors that could cause disease are actually prevented from acting on the grass. For example, take a small section of the field. Divide this small section into two. In one section, continue with the normal maintenance, whereas in the other section apply chemicals that would stop fungal growth. Do this for a few days and then check if the grass on the medicated side appears better. If it appears better, the entire field could be treated with this method. In the same way sections of the field can also be applied with chemicals that oppose insect growth or bug growth. A section of the field can be watered and checked with another section that has not been watered. A small section of the field would also have to be protected from other f actors such as humidity, heat and animal excreta. Each of these factors has to be checked and identified. In this way, various hypotheses for the poor grass formation can actually be tested. More than one factor may also be responsible for the poor grass growth and this should also be recognized. The researcher should also be aware of the errors that could develop whilst determining the hypothesis. Some of the errors that could develop include: 1.     Intrinsic or random error – This could develop due to a problem in instrumentation or technique. The researcher has to follow precise techniques and standard techniques. He/she has to also ensure that the instruments utilized are standardized. 2.     Systematic or non-random errors – These develop due to bias on the part of the researcher or investigator. This can be preventing by blinding the investigator or researcher. The data obtained through the trial would be analyzed to determine the factors that are actually responsible for the poor growth. In this way, the hypothesis can be proved. Once these hypotheses have been proved or confirmed, they would become a scientific theory. The validity of this theory is only confirmed by the study or the experiment. The researcher should keep in mind that even theories can be altered, and in such cases it has also to be proven and documented. The scientific theory would gain more weight if the results obtained from several studies were consistent. Once the researcher is completely satisfied that his hypothesis is proven, he would like to share his research findings with the community. Peers play a very important role, and it important for the researcher to actually get his theory reviewed from the peer group before it is actually shared with the community. The peer group would actually check the scientific data and would determine whether it follows logic. The peer review groups would find it difficult to repeat the experiments, but are in a position to check if they contradict previous studies. The peer group may also suggest changes to the researcher. In this case, the peer group can actually collect data from the neighbor whose grass grows well. They would cross check the researchers data and determine if they are backed by scientific evidence. Once the peer group actually feels that the data is valid, they would give the go ahead to the researcher to publish the data.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
The Genting Highlands Resort Tourism Essay Essay Example
The Genting Highlands Resort Tourism Essay Essay Example The Genting Highlands Resort Tourism Essay Essay The Genting Highlands Resort Tourism Essay Essay Introduction Genting Highlands Malaysia is a metropolis known as the Fun City above the Cloud , as it is rather similar to Las Vegas which is nt really all that near. The primary draw is that, Genting is one of the hot spot in Malaysia where you can chance lawfully. Whereas, there is besides a subject park to maintain the childs amused. The ambiance located at that country is cooler than the steaming Lowlandss. Theme Park The cool air makes it an tickle pinking experience to bask many out-of-door drives. Whether taking leisure thrusts in the Antique auto or sing the epinephrine pumping Space Shot, it s a fantastic and charming escapade of merriment and exhilaration for the household. Casino The casino at Genting offers a host of exciting international-level games, among the most popular games like for an illustration, Roulette, Baccarat, Blackjack, and Caribbean Stud Poker. Jackpot machines are one of the tourer attractive forces excessively. International category shows and unrecorded amusement provide the attach toing glamor. Hotels Genting Highlands resort has about six hotels, which is First World Hotel, Genting Hotel, Highlands Hotel, Theme Park Hotel, Resort Hotel, Maxims Hotel and Awana Genting Highlands Golf A ; Country Resort at the mid-hill which is entire up offering up to about 10,000 hotel suites. The monetary values for these hotels are about low-cost where First World Hotel is one of the cheapest among all. 2 History The narrative of Genting, is that most Malaysians will acknowledge it asA synonymous with the rise of its name, Hill Resort and Genting Highlands Resort are the most popular hotels in Genting Malaysia up until now.A Many may non hold genuinely appreciated the mammoth undertaking involved in the building and the resources and militias mobilized to guarantee what it has proven up to today to be an unprecedented successful in resort development itself. In the beginning phases, the thought of a hill resort was brought up by the late Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong amidst the chip air of Cameron Highlands in 1963. Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong was working on a undertaking on hydro-electric power at the most popular hill resort, which is patronized chiefly by the British colonials seeking cool safeties from the tropical heat itself, as when he foresaw a comfortable Malaya of the hereafter wanting a cool-air mountain vacation resort within the range of all Malaysians, this is when the great thought was brought upon. Besides that, on 18 Aug 1964, a proficient and building squad began the undertaking that would take about four old ages to finish the entree route between Genting Sempah towards the extremum of Gunung Ulu Kali. By guaranting the sound pollution and prompt building of the hotel-resort, Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong has to pass all of his clip, capital and resources, including the militias of his household company, Kien Huat Bhd towards the devising of his so called dream resort . Furthermore, since after the gap of their first hotel in 1971, Genting Highlands Resort has continued to turn from strength-to-strength. Whereas, the development of that country has continued to this present twenty-four hours to heighten Genting Highlands Resort as one of the Prime Minister vacation finish in the Malaysia/Asia while guaranting that the natural beauty of the rain wood is taken attention of. In 1996, Genting Highlands Resort farther developed its installation attractive force by building a transit bird service which is calledA Genting Skyway overseas telegram auto which is every bit long as 3.38km transit towards the hill-top. Genting Skyway is recognized as one of the World s Fastest Mono Cable Car in 2002 with an optimal velocity of 20.7km per-hour, plus it is the Longest Cable Car in Malaysia and towards SEA part .http: //www.genting.com/images/history4a.jpg Their mission is to be committed towards invention and the acceptance of new engineering to accomplish great competitory advantage and to prosecute forces policies and by honoring employees which that has great public presentation in their montly/yearly occupation and parts and besides provide proper preparation for employees, development and chances for calling promotion. 3 Business Genting Highlands Resort Genting Resort is one of Southeast Asia s major vacation finishs in Asia and a vacation desired finish in Malaysia, pulling visitants from all over Malaysia, Singapore and all over the universe, chiefly the Asia-Pacific part. Hotels The six hotels at the Resort itself Maxims, Genting Hotel, Theme Park Hotel, First World Hotel, Highlands Hotel and Resort Hotel with about entire of about 10,000 hotel suites, an overall tenancy rate of 68 % in 2003. Besides, It peculiarly attracts tourer from all over states like Singapore, China, Indonesia and Taiwan. Conventions Genting international convention Centre is a topographic point dedicated for Incentives, Meeting, Conventions and Exhibitions at the resort itself. Approximately over entire of 2,208 maps were held at the convention Centre during the twelvemonth of 2003. Shopping and Food A ; Beverage ( F A ; B ) Shopping and F A ; B like First World Plaza is a special-cooling shopping Eden in Malaysia, it comes with an offer for visitants to hold an experience of dining, shopping and amusement. First World Plaza has precisely 49 F A ; B mercantile establishments, 87 retail stores and booths, 21 drives and attractive forces and 6 leisure and amusement mercantile establishments under one country. A scope of ware and merchandises are sold at many branded retail mercantile establishments, such as Camel Active, B.U.M Equipment, Dockers, Apex Pharmacy, Levi s, Nike, Addidas and many more. Genting Theme Park The chief satisfaction comes from Genting Theme Park itself, which comprises precisely 51 drives and attractive forces up to 600 picture games simulators at the Resort s Outdoor and Indoor Theme Parks and at the First World Plaza, continues to populate up to its subject of giving endless and exhilaration merriment clip at the extremum of Genting Malaysia. 4 S Strengths Genting Malaysia Has a strong trade name name in the local market and good repute among clients. Great location which is located in a hill-top where people can bask cooler conditions and the breathtaking positions which is fantastic. It is easy to be accessed by either auto or coach about an hr thrust from KL. It is besides accessible by the universe s fastest and SEA s longest overseas telegram auto called Genting Skyway which is 3.38km long Genting Group provides a broad scope of installations and services including cordial reception and leisure concern and its activities cover seaboard resorts, hotels, gambling, subject Parkss and amusement for the entire comfort of all customers/guests. W Failing High care and cost of fixs of broken stuffs/leakage Lack of fiscal resources. Lack of information provided sing the suites rates and inside informations in their official web site. The Customer related procedures are non efficient plenty O Opportunities Bettering their current system and offering more characteristics and services is good opportunity for Genting Hotels Group to increase gross revenues and pull more clients locally and globally. Use of Internet, societal webs and web logs to pull new clients and maintain the trueness of the striking one time. Alliances with travel bureaus are good chances for Genting Highlands to pull more invitees globally. Growth of Internet users in Malaysia which brings chances for new market schemes T-Threat Increasing the figure of hackers and unauthorised accessed through cyberspace and some Customers still afraid of transact money through cyberspace, they do non swear on-line payment because of recognition card fraud. The economic is decelerating downA and all exterior alterations. Increased the figure of rivals due an spread outing in the bet oning market in the same part. For case, Macau and Singapore. The extremely competitory challenges in theA hotels industry and theA increasing the figure of stronger rivals every bit good as the monetary value war and the lower costs provided by rivals. 6 Physical grounds For physical grounds, the chief of import portion is the service itself. Which is by supplying good merchandises, the company should besides supply good services, for an illustration, the casino, and hotels. For hotels, First universe hotel is every bit low as RM127 per dark and the installations they provide is concern centre, casino, java store, concierge, handicapped installations, meeting installations, eating house, safety sedimentation boxes, stores. For Tune Hotel, it is RM150 per dark. The installations they provide are Air conditioning, breakfast OR 2 people room provided on hourly footing, Gym, Swimming pool, 24 hours security. There are NO casino rivals out at that place in the whole of Malaysia. Merchandise For Genting Highland, they have rather a few chief key merchandises, which is that their merchandises are separated into four classs of merchandises. One of the types is, Theme Parks for those who love to hold exhilaration and escapade. There are besides casinos, for those who are really attracted to chancing. There s besides the Genting international convention centre, for those who is serious about work can keep meetings at that place. And in conclusion, for every client that goes to Genting Highland, their hotels. Topographic point By holding a good location in a concern point of position is the most of import of all. Genting Highland have the best strategic location anyplace else in Malaysia for loosen uping, largely it s because of the cold conditions merely us as Malaysians can see. It is one of the cardinal points that will pull clients who love cold conditionss in Malaysia. Pricing For pricing, there is non an issue at all. Genting Malaysia Bhd monopolizes the whole of Genting Highland. For illustration, if anyone were to see Genting Highland, there would be no pick but to remain in their hotel s, because they are the lone cordial reception service supplier. In fact, if Genting Malaysia rises the monetary values of hotel s, we would hold no pick but to remain in them. Promotion For publicity, Genting Malaysia stress so much on their advertisement that they covered everything at that place is to publicizing. Their run for the company of advertisement are, newspapers, Television commercials, wirelesss, magazines, and website. They even have promotional bundles that is merely peculiar to that one season of gay. Genting Malaysia besides have a member card, called World Card this card is merely for members merely. What privileges that members can acquire it s by acquiring discounted hotel monetary values, and nutrient. 7 Peoples For people, Genting Malaysia Bhd is largely based as a cordial reception service supplier for illustration, hotel check-in and check-out, ticket merchandising, and room services. These are the operations that provide with first contact to the invitees or clients which will affect the staffs and installations. It is so important to handle invitees or clients with niceness, and friendliness, because this will assist make values to invitees or clients by increasing their satisfaction degree. For illustration, their hotel anteroom s are large plenty so that it acquire crowded when there is a batch of people walking in and out, and with a batch of ticket counters at that place will non be a job of slow service. Procedure Last, procedure. This is like behind the scene of how Genting Malaysia are able to acquire good staffs to run in a day-to-day footing. Basically there are three phases in this procedure, which is enrolling, preparation and development. About recruiting, Genting Malaysia get s their enlisting from web based, and besides walk in, they will so screen out their enlisting by age, academic background, and working experience. After that, even though new or old employees will undergo preparation, this is to hold them get the hang their accomplishments in facial and organic structure linguistic communication talk, and communicating accomplishments. This is slightly the most of import accomplishments to larn of all, because if there is good client service, there are ever happy clients. Last, the development phase. What the development phase does is to reassign or revolve occupation s around the company, this will assist staffs to larn different things and develop different accomplishments, and of class to maintain the staffs excited when altering into new functions in the company. 8 Customer service issues on Genting Malaya Internet In Genting Malaysia, when cyberspace entree is free in about every eating house, hotels, clients are annoyed that Genting Malaysia is go oning to bear down for the fees. After the clients paid for the fees, the connexion are either undependable or really slow. Untidy room Cleanliness must be a top precedence as a soiled room does non merely botch the hotel repute but turns the client s stay into an inconvenient 1. Bedbugs have been found in some of the suites at First World Hotel. It may be due to the marks of untidiness, or dust-covered and smelly suites, or dirty bathrooms. In order to derive clients trueness, the cleanliness of hotel suites is a top precedence. Uncooperative and ill-mannered staff By holding uncooperative and ill-mannered staffs, it will destroy the image of Genting Malaysia. Customer wants to be treated with pleasance and kindness. Showing bad attitudes from staffs is a major dissatisfaction Noise One of the chief intent clients stay in hotel is, relaxation. Noise pollution will do clients dissatisfied as they will non be kiping good. Whereas, the image of the hotel will be downgraded towards client s position Excess Room Charge In First World Hotel, sometimes the hotel are soaking the suites monetary value. Excess Room Charge is one of the most despised things that clients have to hear when they are remaining in hotels. Who would desire to pay for something they unwittingly spent for? Ailments in hotel neer do stop every bit long as they charge the clients for something that they do non necessitate in the first topographic point. Hotels must clearly bespeak the cost of every service or characteristic that must be paid for be it the usage of the telecasting, or the nutrient. Housekeeping Ignoring the Do Not Disturb Sign Invasion of privateness is one usual hotel ailments that clients do when they feel like the housekeeping staff is look intoing what they are making in the amenitiess of their hotel room. The clients pay for the room to loosen up and non a hurting in the cervix. Unfortunately, housekeeping forces follow a rigorous agenda when doing unit of ammunitions and making room cleaning so they have no pick but to make it even if the room is presently occupied. They need to glance in to look into it out whether the invitee is busying the room or non. 9 Latest Venture Genting Malaysia announce acquisition of the echelon site on the strip and outline programs to construct a 2 $ billion casino-hotel composite on the 87-acre development halted by the oncoming of the recession about five old ages ago. This will assist Genting Malaysia to use their concern throughout the universe, and people will take notice of their concern and the company will hold a high repute towards their clients. Genting Malaysia will besides profit from concern from around the universe, from net incomes and acknowledgment. 10 Decision As a decision, with assorted strengths and schemes that Genting Malaysia has, it has a high ability to take advantages of every chance that can convey Genting Malaysia one measure in front. Their strengths and schemes can assist them to meet any menaces that come across them. It is believed that it could assist Genting Malaysia in constructing a stronger trade name name and image, besides to capture a bigger market portion in the hotel and subject park industry. 11 Recommendation Resort World Genting is known for metropolis of amusement. It is recommended for travelers who likes to chance and so on. There are more than six hotels at Resort World Genting, the hotels consists of Genting Grand, Highlands hotel, Resort Hotel, Theme Park Hotel, First World Hotel, and Awana Genting Highlands. And there besides budget motel which is located near the Theme Park, so budget travelers does nt necessitate to worry about passing excessively much money. Besides that, the Casino De Genting is another chief attractive force of the whole Resort World Genting. Casino De Genting is Asia s Best International Casino Resort, Casino De Genting is the perfect topographic point to be when it comes to sophisticated gambling and exhilaration. So for people who likes to play slots, table games, and electronic tabular array games, Casino De Genting is the perfect topographic point for them to hang out. For people who likes escapade, Genting out-of-door subject park, H2O park, and First W orld indoor subject park is the recommended topographic point for them. The cool mountain air makes it an tickle pinking experience to bask the drives at the out-of-door subject park. Whether taking leisure thrusts in Antique auto or the adrenaline pumping Flying Coaster, it is a charming escapade of exhilaration and merriment for the invitees. Besides that, the First World Indoor Theme Park characteristics thrill drives, household drives, kids drives and many other drives. It is recommended that client who likes to play golf should pay a visit to Awana Genting Highlands Gold A ; Country Resort. For client who likes to hang out at dark, there will be dark amusement available at Resort World Genting. For local Chinese travelers who likes civilization, the Chin Swee Caves Temple will be a perfect topographic point for them to research. It is located at the most scenic site of Genting Highlands. Within the temple is seated a black statue of the Reverend Master Chin Swee who has long b een referred to as a divinity in Fujian state for his supernatural abilities to cite rain and drive away evil liquors. 12
Friday, November 22, 2019
What Is a P-Value
What Is a P-Value Hypothesis tests or test of significance involve the calculation of a number known as a p-value. This number is very important to the conclusion of our test. P-values are related to the test statistic and give us a measurement of evidence against the null hypothesis. Null and Alternative Hypotheses Tests of statistical significance all begin with a null and an alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the statement of no effect or a statement of commonly accepted state of affairs. The alternative hypothesis is what we are attempting to prove. The working assumption in a hypothesis test is that the null hypothesis is true. Test Statistic We will assume that the conditions are met for the particular test that we are working with. A simple random sample gives us sample data. From this data we can calculate a test statistic. Test statistics vary greatly depending upon what parameters our hypothesis test concerns. Some common test statistics include: z - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the population mean, when we know the population standard deviation. t - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the population mean, when we do not know the population standard deviation. t - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the difference of two independent population mean, when we do not know the standard deviation of either of the two populations. z - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning a population proportion. Chi-square - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the difference between an expected and actual count for categorical data. Calculation of P-Values Test statistics are helpful, but it can be more helpful to assign a p-value to these statistics. A p-value is the probability that, if the null hypothesis were true, we would observe a statistic at least as extreme as the one observed. To calculate a p-value we use the appropriate software or statistical table that corresponds with our test statistic. For example, we would use a standard normal distribution when calculating a z test statistic. Values of z with large absolute values (such as those over 2.5) are not very common and would give a small p-value. Values of z that are closer to zero are more common, and would give much larger p-values. Interpretation of the P-Value As we have noted, a p-value is a probability. This means that it is a real number from 0 and 1. While a test statistic is one way to measure how extreme a statistic is for a particular sample, p-values are another way of measuring this. When we obtain a statistical given sample, the question that we should always is, â€Å"Is this sample the way it is by chance alone with a true null hypothesis, or is the null hypothesis false?†If our p-value is small, then this could mean one of two things: The null hypothesis is true, but we were just very lucky in obtaining our observed sample.Our sample is the way it is due to the fact that the null hypothesis is false. In general, the smaller the p-value, the more evidence that we have against our null hypothesis. How Small Is Small Enough? How small of a p-value do we need in order to reject the null hypothesis? The answer to this is, â€Å"It depends.†A common rule of thumb is that the p-value must be less than or equal to 0.05, but there is nothing universal about this value. Typically, before we conduct a hypothesis test, we choose a threshold value. If we have any p-value that is less than or equal to this threshold, then we reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This threshold is called the level of significance of our hypothesis test, and is denoted by the Greek letter alpha. There is no value of alpha that always defines statistical significance.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Business Environment and Society Buyer Behaviour Essay
Business Environment and Society Buyer Behaviour - Essay Example The possessions that we have to tell much about us and the psychology behind consumer behavior hence should be central to understanding consumer behavior. This is mostly because people use possessions to define themselves or create their identities (extended self) especially in contemporary society based on materialism. As such, we are what we have and possessions are an extension of our selves. This has implication for marketers as they should strive to understand the value attached to possessions by consumers in order to develop effective marketing strategies. There are many theories put forward to explain customer behavior. Economic theory views the customer as a rational and self-interested decision maker hence consumes to maximize utility. The theory thus concentrates on the buying action. The psychodynamic approach is attributed to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and posits that the instinctive forces of Id, Ego, and Superego are drivers of behavior. The behaviorist theory views beha vior as being driven by external forces or events. The cognitive theory attributes behavior to information processing in one’s mind while humanistic theory stresses the role of emotions in consumer behavior. This essay will utilize the theories of consumer behavior to discuss the concept of extended self and its effects on consumer purchasing behavior. The idea of extended self is based on the fact that we are what we have; that is, we define ourselves based on the things that we possess. Belk (1988, 139) argues that â€Å"our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities.†He came up with this conclusion after collecting a variety of evidence and regarded it as the ‘extended self.’ The major categories of extended self according to Belk are a body, internal processes, ideas, experiences and those persons, places and things to which one feels attached.Â
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
M1A2-Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
M1A2-Communication - Essay Example He knew that the organization must proceed with its work no matter what. The operations of the organization must not be neglected in any conditions. On the other side the way Colleen responded to the situation was because of the influence of her personal life. She had been making plans for her daughter’s pre-school graduation for a week and now she was trapped in an uncertain situation. The situation would have been better if Ricardo and Colleen would have dealt with it more properly. Ricardo should have made Colleen understand the loss that the company could have incurred if she isn’t there to fill the vacant place of her colleague. Colleen must also understand that uncertainties are a part of life and there would come times when she has to choose her professional life over personal life and vice versa. She must try to balance her personal and professional life. She can make an excuse to her family and must ask her husband to take her daughter to her pre-school graduation. She can also compensate for her absence by taking her daughter for dinner any other time (Louie,
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Solving the Byod Problem for the Enterprise Essay Example for Free
Solving the Byod Problem for the Enterprise Essay Introduction Enterprise computing, as we know it, is facing a dimensional shift with the widespread diffusion of the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) phenomenon. BYOD is the latest trend hitting businesses where employees are bringing their own personal mobile devices. Some of these devices include smartphones and tablets which are brought into their place of work, and used on the corporate network for purposes such as accessing files, email servers, and databases. Over the past few years, employees in many organizations are bringing their own personal devices to the work environment to handle business needs. With employees using their own devices, CIOs and IT departments across the nation are frantically trying to keep up with their employees by ensuring their networks are safe and secure. There is no doubting mobile devices have taking over a big part of our lives. These devices travel with us wherever we go while always being within a short reach away. People are beginning to realize the usefulness of getting work done from their own mobile devices. With this trend enterprises are in need of a policy for employees bringing their own devices to work. Although a relaxed BYOD policy can offer an organization many benefits, it tends to be a double edged sword. A lax policy leaves sensitive data vulnerable; an overly strict one stifles employees trust relationship with their employer. A balance must be struck between offering employees a pleasant and enjoyable work environment and maintaining the security of enterprise data. As the expectations of workspace personnel evolve, organization leaders must find ways to adapt and overcome the challenges that arise when corporate culture has a conflict with social standards and consumer trends. Management must consider the potential detriment to the workforce morale and how this could ultimately result in productivity loss. This is evident in the current 90% of employers who have chosen to allow personal devices at work with little or no precautions (Miller, Voas, and Hurlburt, 2012). Most workers consider themselves, not the company, to be responsible for the personal devices they use for work purposes. This all begs the question, how should an organization go about implementing a BYOD policy? Which policy can best suit a particular type of business? Should organization leaders place priority on protecting its data assets, or must they protect the health of their workers? If the latter is chosen, what compromises must employees be expected to make to ensure a necessary, minimal level of security is in place? These are all the major questions IT departments are seeking answers for when providing a BYOD environment. This research paper will provide a working outline with the correct steps needed for the development process for a BYOD work environment. The paper will touch upon key subjects addressing the careful decisions that must be made in order to set up the proper policies. An organization’s main goal is making certain your business has both a safe and secure network while keeping the employees satisfied. II. Key Issues. The key issues for the implementation of BYOD involve five main areas. The main areas are people, planning, management of technology, assessment and execution. The first main area, people, involves how management must communicate with the enterprise’s employees, provide leadership and proper governance. The second area, planning, management must provide a plan to implement BYOD into the enterprise that aligns with the business,  communicates the IT strategy to the business and provides sound quality control. The third area, management of technology, IT management should provide a flexible and standard BYOD policy for employees. The fourth area, assessment, management should provide a way to measure risk, eliminate risk and provide a sufficient audit of the BYOD policy. Lastly, execution of the BYOD policy should provide an implementation that coincides with the needs of the other key issues. III. Models and Frameworks. Models and frameworks provide the ability to analyze, â€Å"a structured set of essential components of an object for which clear expressions is necessary and perhaps even mandatory for creating, operating, and changing the object†(Zachman, 2008). The object is the enterprise and the ability to implement any new business policy requires structure from models and frameworks. The models and frameworks that relate to providing structure in implementing BYOD are the Zachman Framework, Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Risk IT framework and Val IT Framework. The Zachman Framework is the foundation for architecture of any kind and enterprises that are growing in complexity can be represented with the Zachman Framework. With bring your own device the enterprise architecture of an organization will need to change to fit with the architecture change that BYOD brings. The two columns from the Zachman Framework that BYOD will affect is the Where and W ho columns. The Where column involves the network and how the system of an enterprise will change in regard to BYOD. The technology will need to be provided by or to employees that will change the architecture of an enterprise. The system will be with employees everywhere which means the business will be with employees everywhere they go. Leaving the business in a more vulnerable state that may create the loss of important data, which will increase the need for employees to be more responsible. The Who column needs to interact with the Where column that provides a distributed system that will require Responsibility from the organization’s employees. The business role of the employee’s device will need to have specifications, be defined and represented. The engineer perspective will need to define for the devices role for both the device and employee. The architect perspective will need to  define the potential locations for the system and where it can reach. With a clearly defined system role for the devices themselves the business management perspective should focus on how the devices are defined for the employees. To implement BYOD the enterprise will need to focus on those columns of the Zachman Framework. While the Zachman Framework provides the structure organizations will need the Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory provides aspects of innovation that will help mold business policies that should increase the ability of BYOD to be implemented. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory provides four theory elements. The four theory elements are the innovation, communication, time and social system. â€Å"The innovation does not need to be new in terms of being recently developed, it only needs to be new to the person or organization that is adopting and implementing it†(Lundblad, 2003). The theory continues that there are five parts to the innovation that increase rate of implementation as each of these characteristics increase. The five characteristics of the innovation are â€Å"relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability (Rogers, 1995)†(Lundblad, 2003). Relative advantage is a perceived improvement over the current status. To implement BYOD their needs to be a perceived improvement according to the employee’s view. Planning the implementation of BYOD will help make sure the improvement is seen and the employees will accept the innovation. The characteristic, Compatibility measures how well the innovation aligns with organization. Implementing the system in line with the organization with good understanding of the business will increase the compatibility and make the implementation possible. The next characteristic is complexity which is the measure of ease of use. Knowing the end users of the implementation and what they want in a BYOD implementation will help them have a positive user experience and increase the rate of adoption. Another characteristic is trialability. It is the measure of testing and more testing makes adoption faster. Providing good quality control when testing will make sure that the implementation will be in line with the implementation planning. The last characteristic is observability and it is the measure of visibility others have of the innovation and if more visible the faster the adoption. Providing end users with a positive visible experience will make employees more willing to go along with the innovation. â€Å"The second element of Rogers diffusion of innovation theory is communication, or the process by which people develop and share information with each other to achieve common understanding (Rogers, 1995)†(Lundblad, 2003). The need for IT managers to speak the business’s language is very important. So an emphasis will need to be on communication for the IT department to ensure all needs of the business are being met. â€Å"Realizing value from business change requires effective communication†(IT Governance Institute, 2008). Time and social system are the last two theory elements. Time involves the different adoption rates of innovation and social system involves members in group or organization with a common goal. â€Å"Opinion leaders, change agents, and champions are the people within a social system who have the ability to influence the diffusion of innovation within a social system (Rogers, 1995)†(Lundblad, 2003). Winning over the most influential employees of the business will help influence other employees and ensure the business wants the implementation of BYOD to succeed. The last two frameworks needed to be taken into account when implement BYOD is Risk IT framework and Val IT Framework. The Risk IT framework needs to be taken into account when implementing BYOD or any other system. There are six Risk IT principles that will help effectively assess risk. The Risk IT principles are connect to business objectives, align IT risk management with ERM, balance cost/benefit of IT risk, Promote fair and open communication, establish tone at the top and accountability and function as part of daily activities. (ISACA, 2009) Effective enterprise governance of IT risk should have the potential amount of risk the enterprise is ready to take clearly defined with business objectives (ISACA, 2009). â€Å"Effective enterprise governance of IT risk always connects to business objectives†(ISACA, 2009). Controls should also be implemented to address risk. â€Å"Controls are implemented to address a risk and based on a cost-benefit analysis. In other words, controls are not implemented for the sake of implementing controls†(ISACA, 2009). IT risk should always be taken into account. â€Å"Risk management practices are appropriately prioritized and embedded in enterprise decisionmaking process†(ISACA, 2009). Val IT is another framework that should be assessed when implementing BYOD to ensure the creation of value with the implementation. Val IT is used with CobIT, â€Å"Val IT both complements CobIT and is supported by it†(IT Governance Institute, 2008). â€Å"CobIT processes manage all IT-related activities within the enterprise†(ISACA, 2009). â€Å"Val IT and CobIT provide business and IT decision makers with a comprehensive framework for the creation of value from the delivery of high-quality IT-based services†(IT Governance Institute, 2008). Four questions can be asked to assess the enterprise and ensure value. (IT Governance Institute, 2008). All the frameworks of Risk IT, Val IT and CobIT can interconnect and provide an efficient management of IT. (ISACA, 2009)With both Val IT and CobIT, Risk IT can help enhance risk management and should be applied to an enterprise that is implementing a BYOD policy. IV. Plan of Action PLANNING Planning should be considered a crucial part when creating a BYOD policy. Depending on how a policy is created will determine the success it has going forward. A lackadaisical approach during the development can cost a company immediate complications (Pendleton, 2012). The planning stage is where management will cover the concerns and questions related to creating a standard policy for the organization to administer. It is imperative the planning stage not be taking lightly. Planning should never be rushed or thrown together in an â€Å"ad-hoc†like manner. Carelessness shown during planning can have devastating effects for the company’s future (McKendrick, 2012). PEOPLE Developing a successful policy should promote an open collaboration between both the employees and the organization (AbsoluteSoftware 2012). Important details to include are the specifics for the guidelines set for users on the network. These areas of policy can become very blurry for both organizations and their staff to deal with (Kaneshige, 2012). It is vital to outline details for what usages are allowed on the network, a user’s classification on the network, the user restrictions for specific classifications, and the disciplinary actions for abusing the use. Personal ownership must be directly associated to the users on the network. Violations to the end-user agreement develop for network usage must be outlined with explanations that are clear and concise. Management must set a good example by following the regulations put into place just as any employees are expected to do. Realizing value from business change requires effective communication- a critical requirement difficult to achieve without widespread acceptance of a consistent set of terminology†(IT Governance Institute, 2008). MANAGING TECHNOLOGY When initiating a policy into the business structure there are key subject matters to be addressed. It is important to designate the governance for the plan being implemented. So there will be an enterprise wide discipline for the policy. Each device that is allowed to have access to the network becomes a problem waiting to happen if lost or worse, stolen with malicious intent. There are key strategies to keep in mind when preparing a solution for defending against possible vulnerabilities on mobile devices. The components offering the most reliable solutions are focusing on access control and identity management (Chickowski, 2012). The capability to have both the control and visibility on events on the company’s network is key for management. Lately, there has been various mobile security providers stating the solution is to control the data, rather than the device itself (Corbin, 2012). Personal owners are still strongly encouraged in taking preventive actions to securing th eir device. Nevertheless, IT departments can only do so much [software-wise] when taking security precautions handling devices on the network. In the case of IT being the direct barrier of prevention, the use of devices and  software the directed focus is more information-centric (Corbin, 2012). IT staff must direct attention towards securing data itself by blending the right amount of features to check authorizations and authentications. This layered approach centered at the information will provide more control over security wherever it should move or stop. The protection of corporate data is of utmost importance for a business. Any data obtained through lost or stolen devices would be a nightmare for an organization; but, having data fall into the wrong hands could compromise a company’s integrity to other competitors can be disastrous. Therefore, it is crucial that preventive measures are put in place to ensure the integrity of an organization and its data. A beneficial solution to security is to include proper hardware and software that facilitates automatic provisioning that can be administered by the IT de partment. The Identity Services Engine (IES) by Cisco is one great example to the controllability needed for security. This software offers an efficient way for enterprises to manage network connections through an identity and access control policy platform. With access to vital information in real-time, enterprises can make proactive governance decisions about access (Cisco, 2012). This is the type of authority organizations need to ensure a safer network for users while securing valuable data. In connection with the security policies established there are legal issues bound to arise from the control organizations place over data being transferred and stored on employee devices. This topic of rights can leave both sides feeling uneasy. Nonetheless, businesses must protect their data that accessed by users on the network. The development process of the BYOD policies is where organizations will want to include details pertaining to ownership. Such discussion must include the liability for the information being used, how and when should a device-wipe be used, and exit strategies taken for employees leaving the business (Hassell, 2012). A great example of this problem would be defining the jurisdiction concerning who has authority and rights of the data located on an employee’s device if he or she should be terminated or leave the company. These are all big issues that must be addressed depending on the vulnerability of your corporate data; otherwise, this going unstated that lead to annoying litigation for management. EXECUTION/ASSESSMENT Finally, once the components of execution and governance have been covered it is necessary for the organization to assess its current transition. It is here management must audit the new BYOD strategy to determine their Return on Investment (ROI). When reviewing the results of a recently implemented strategy there are two sets of key questions to measure the success of its use. The governance-related questions based from a Val IT approach include: Are we doing the right things? (The strategic question) and Are we getting the benefits desired? (The value question). The last set of questions are COBIT focused taking on an IT view. These two are: Are we doing them the right way? (The architecture question) and Are we getting them done well? (The delivery question) (IT Governance Institute, 2012). The combination of both the Val IT and COBIT frameworks create a synergistic relationship that will ensure a highquality IT-based service is creating value across the enterprise. V. Critical Success Factors The critical success factors for successful management of the BYOD policy are to plan, manage, assess, execute and communicate. Planning must be done first using Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Zachman Framework as a basis to planning to ensure the BYOD policy is going to be accepted by the enterprise’s employees and align with the business. Communication needs to be an important part of planning to understand the business objectives. Planning must include how BYOD will be managed, executed, communicated and assessed. The management of the technology needs to ensure data safety using authentication and governance. The BYOD policy needs to be assessed before execution. â€Å"The risk that a large IT-enabled project will fail for lack of business change should be assessed by top management at the very conception of the project and by project management at key phases over the life of the project†(Gibson, 2004). Other frameworks to assess the BYOD policy are Risk IT, Val IT and CobIT. These are needed to understand the business risk associated with the BYOD policy, ensure value and assess the IT processes involved in the IT strategy switch. To execute, management needs to implement the policy with good quality control aligning it with the plan and technology management of the BYOD policy. Management needs to also communicate the governance and rules of the BYOD policy to ensure discipline. Explanation of consequences is also needed so employees understand the consequences of their actions using their own devices as a part of the enterprise. Lastly, the BYOD policy will need to be audited continuously to guarantee the safety and integrity of information while operating properly to attain the enterprise’s goals and objectives. Work Cited Aala Santhosh Reddy. (June 2012). Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Making It Work For Your Organization. In Slideshare.com for Cognizant Research Center. Retrieved , from http://www.slideshare.net/cognizant/making-byod-work-for-your-organization 13450463. BYOD Policy Implementation Guide. London: Absolute Software, 2012. PDF. Cisco Systems, Inc.. (2012). Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 1.1.1 (aka 1.1MR). In Cisco. Retrieved , from http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/vpndevc/ps5712/ps11637/ps11195/qa_ 67-658591.html. Ericka Chickowski. (June 19, 2012). Visibility and Control Still an Issue With BYOD Policies. I Network Computing: For IT By IT. Retrieved , from http://www.networkcomputing.com/security/visibility-and-control-still-an-issue wi/240002308. Gibson, C. (2004). It-enabled business change: An approach to understanding and managing risk. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? ISACA. (2009). The risk it framework. Retrieved from http://www.isaca.org/Knowledge Center/Risk-IT-IT-Risk-Management/Pages/Risk-IT1.aspx IT Governance Institute. (2008). Enterprise value: Governance of it investments. the val it framework 2.0. Retrieved from http://www.isaca.org/KnowledgeJoe McKendrick. (October 23, 2012). 10 steps for writing a secure BYOD policy. In ZDNet.com. Retrieved , from http://www.zdnet.com/10-steps-for-writing-a-secure-byod-policy 7000006170/ Jonathan Hassell. (May 17, 2012). 7 Tips for Establishing a Successful BYOD Policy. In CIO.com. Retrieved , from http://www.cio.com/article/706560/7_Tips_for_Establishing_a_Successful_BYOD_Poli y. Kaneshige, T . (March 06, 2012). BYOD: Making Sense of the Work-Personal Device Blur. In CIO.com. Retrieved , from http://www.cio.com/article/701545/BYOD_Making_Sense_of_the_Work_Personal_De ce_Blur. Kenneth Corbin. (August 23, 2012). BYOD Security Demands Mobile Data Protection Strategy. In CIO.com. Retrieved , from http://www.cio.com/article/714550/BYOD_Security_Demands_Mobile_Data_Protecti n_Strategy. Lundblad, J. (2003). A review and critique of rogers diffusion of innovation theory as it applies to organizations.Organization Development Journal, 21(4), 50-64. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/197971687?accountid=7113 Miller, K., Voas, J., Hurlburt, G. (2012). BYOD: Security and Privacy Considerations. IT Professionals. 14 (5), 53-55. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org Mark Pendleton. (August 13, 2012). Top Concerns When Creating a BYOD Policy. In NEC Corporation of America . Retrieved , from http://info.necunified.com/bid/153070/Top Concerns-When-Creating-a-BYOD-Policy. Rob Humphrey. (March 07, 2012). Manage Risks Reap Rewards: BYOD. In Kensington Safe Zone with Rob Humphrey Blog
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Siddhartha :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays
Siddhartha  Siddhartha is extremely proud of his ability to think, fast, and wait.  These qualities also allow him to get a job with Kamaswami as a merchant. These are basically Siddhartha's life achievements. Being able to do these things shows he is intelligent and more than able to do most tasks. This is probably why he flaunts it, and is proud of these abilities so much. In this essay I will discuss each of these abilities individually, and show how they apply to his life, what they do to teach him, or show him, and also show how they help him or hinder him in various situations.     The ability to think obviously is something to be proud of. When a man can think on any topic, give feedback, and reflect on it, they are considered very valuable in any situation or job. When Kamaswami first meets Siddhartha, he is instantly impressed with his ability to read and write. We see how this ability to think can gain a man instant respect. All Siddhartha's life he has been reading, writing, meditating, and studying. It is quite evident tat if you or I worked that hard, we would feel the same achievement he has, and try to apply our abilities to anything we do. Aside from thinking though, Kamaswami is also very impressed with waiting as we see when he says, "Writing is good, thinking is better. Cleverness is good, patience is better."     As much as Siddhartha thinks, his ability to wait is something that really defines his character even better. This is also incorporates with fasting, as well as thinking, but by itself waiting is extremely important. I have found, in all my years, myself to be quite impatient. This will probably harm me later in my life. The ability to wait also spurs the ability to think, and fast. Throughout all his studies, Siddhartha had to wait out the array of different teachings he went through to know truly in his heart, that they didn't apply to him. To wait on something shows wisdom, and maturity. These are traits that no good businessman can ignore, as Kamaswami realizes. That is a major reason Siddhartha was hired.     Lastly, fasting is something that once again requires patience, and deep
Monday, November 11, 2019
How does Shakespeare Create Atmosphere Essay
William Shakespeare creates atmosphere in this scene by using a number of effective techniques, in this essay I will be discussing how these techniques create such a tense and suspenseful atmosphere that truly captures and engages the Elizabethan audience. Firstly, Shakespeare uses dramatic irony in this scene by the entrance of Romeo, the audience are aware that he has just came from marrying Juliet, however the characters on stage are not. The fact that the characters are unaware of this information has a strong influence over their actions that would be different if they knew the truth. This thought will raise the tension in the audience. Another example of dramatic irony being used in this scene is when Romeo tries to explain to tybalt that he loves him and wants to make peace,†But love thee better than thou canst devise , till thou shalt know the reason of my love.†Here the audience understand why Romeo loves Tybalt because he has just married his cousin, however T ybalt thinks Romeo is being sarcastic and this angers him further, while Mercutio perceives Romeos words as giving into tybalt and not defending the family name, he finds this disgusting. â€Å"O calm, dishonourable, vile submission!†Shakespeare shows how words can be interpreted in many different ways, another clever device. Dramatic irony is also used when Tybalt says â€Å"Here comes my man,†as Romeo enters, this reveals that Tybalt has no interest in conflicting with Mercutio, he is here to fulfil his revenge against Romeo for crashing the party. The audience realise this because they have heard Tybalt plan his revenge in Act 1 scene 5, â€Å"Now seeming sweet, convert to bitt’rest gall.†As the characters on stage do not know of this plan, the dramatic tension is increased. Secondly, Shakespeare emphasises the contrasting themes of this play to create atmosphere within this scene; the first example is the stark contrast between the calm and loving cool night setting and the tense, violent, stifling hot setting of this scene. The sharp change of setting would automatically create a sense of uncertainty and give the play more suspense and the audience have now witnessed that the play coul d twist unexpectedly. The main themes of the play, love and hate, contrast heavily in this scene. We witness Romeo tenderly approach Tybalt with love and peace â€Å"And so, good Capulet, which name I tender as dearly as mine own, be satisfied.†The harshly contrasting words of Tybalt help to emphasise how deep the feud is between the two families â€Å"Thou art a villain.†Romeo enters the scene in a bubble of bliss and new love for his bride but he flees the scene after slaying Tybalt in a state of blind furious revenge. As Mercutio dies, Romeo blames his love for Juliet for making him weak and unable to save his friend.†Thy beauty hath made me effeminate†, this reflects the view of women at the time, as Elizabethan’s believed that if a man was too much in love this made him weak. The importance of masculinity in those times is also shown in Mercutio’s disgust when Romeo refuses Tybalt’s challenge for a duel- a traditional masculine act of protection and defence of nobility. This would create atmosphere as masculinity and femininity are another contrasting theme. Shakespeare uses the role of fate to create atmosphere throughout the play, it appears as fate has choreographed the ev ents to happen in a certain way to result in the tragic end to Romeo’s and Juliet’s love story. Romeo mentions fate and fortune frequently he seems have trust in it and hopes he will be guided into something good. â€Å"But he hath the steerage of my course direct my sail!†After Mercutio’s death Romeo refers to the incident as â€Å"This days black fate.†Again the belief that this greater power has control over the sequence of events is presented to the audience. If fate is this ruthless who will be its next victim? This question of the audience will contribute to the suspenseful atmosphere. Fate is personified when Romeo cries after slaying Tybalt â€Å"O, I am fortune’s fool.†This shows that Romeo feels that fortune is playing around with his life and he has no control over his actions and choices, I think Romeo’s belief in fortune relates to how his character is revealed in this scene. Relating to fate, some of the characters seem to have premonitions of the future, Romeo feels that there will be more trouble to come â€Å"This days black fate on Moe days doth depend.†This gives an eerie hint to the audience on the black fate that will strike Romeo and his Juliet. Benvolio at the beginning of the scene ca n sense that trouble will start because of the heat and suggests to Mercutio that they retire â€Å"And if we meet we shall not scape a brawl, for now these hot days, is the mad blood stirring.†The reference to â€Å"mad blood†hints of the blood that is shed in a Romeo’s mad frenzy of violence, and gives the audience the effective image of the heat and anger boiling Romeo’s blood. Finally, fate seems to find a voice in dying Mercutio who claims â€Å"A plague a’ both your houses!†which ominously forecasts the plague of death which strikes the lovers at the end of the play. Atmosphere is visually created by the quick and action packed fight scene, two lives are lost in a relatively short time this would have been very dramatic and emotional too watch, having a dazed effect on the audience. The fight scene would have presented Tybalt’s swords skills and Romeo’s furious passion, showing that the battle could go either way, creating a very excited but suspenseful atmosphere. One of the main contributions to the atmosphere is Shakespeare’s choice and style of language; we must remember that Elizabethans went to hear a play and how effective the language was had a key role in gaining their support of the play. Shakespeare uses rhyming couplets to creative an effective atmosphere, when lady Capulet discovers that Romeo has killed tybalt she says â€Å"I beg for justice which thou, Prince, must give: Romeo slew Tybalt, Romeo must not live.†This is effective because rhyming couplets conclude a thought and seal it as definite; this foreshadows the future as Romeo does not live, as a result of killing tybalt, because if not for this action the next sequence of events leading to his death wouldn’t have occurred. Atmosphere is also created by Mercutio’s style of lines, Mercutio speaks in prose a line that is usually given to a common or small character, but Mercutio is a gentlemen from a wealthy background therefore he is not using prose to reflect his social class, but to reflect a negative and lowly view of a subject. In this case Mercutio describes Benvolio’s temper â€Å"Thy head is as full of quarrels is and egg is full of meat.†The audience will realise that it is not the peacemaker Benvolio Mercutio is describing, but that he is describing his own troublemaking characteristics. Talking in prose shows that he feels this lowly and shameful part of his characteristics. Wordplay was another technique used to create atmosphere that was very popular with the Elizabethans, Shakespeare inputs this in Romeo’s response to Tybalt’s challenge as Romeo answers changing the words only slightly. â€Å"The love I bear thee†Romeo responds with â€Å"the reason that I have to love thee†, while â€Å"Thou art a villain†becomes â€Å"villain am I none†. â€Å"Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ is met with â€Å"I do protest I never injured thee†. Finally the direct challenge: â€Å"Therefore turn and draw†is countered with â€Å"And so†¦be satisfied†. The revelation of characters in this scene is a one of the aspects of the atmospher e created, firstly Romeo reveals his impulsive and irrational nature when he chooses to avenge over a friends death rather than spare Juliet the loss of losing him and her cousin. It is also revealed that Romeo is very immature and cannot handle the concept of taking responsibility, only has he just been married and he blames Juliet for his weakness causing Mercutio’s death, linking back to his quote on fortune, Romeo seems to think he cant control anything and that it is all fates fault. Never once does he admit his mistake in killing Tybalt, instead he says fortune is controlling him for fun â€Å"O, I am fortunes fool.†He also personifies fury as if it is not his own actions but as if they are being controlled by fury. â€Å"And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!†In conclusion all of these techniques I have discussed, tie together a fantastic knot of suspenseful and captivating atmosphere, that advances the plot and provides the first exciting twist of the play.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Kate Chopin and her influence on women’s rights Essay
â€Å"I would give the essential, I would give my money, I would give my life for my child; but I wouldn’t give myself†(Chopin). The rights that women enjoy today were not always as equal to that of males. The women’s rights movement transitioned America’s views of them from the way they were pre-nineteenth century to now. Novelist Kate Chopin’s literary works was a crux that aided in the strength of the movement. Women faced many hardships, and Kate Chopin, a literary genius, contributed to a lot to the movement. To begin, in the nineteenth century people married at a very young age and women did not work in that time. They were denied employment outside of seamstresses and mid-wives; therefore they couldn’t always realistically support themselves. Women had to get married so that someone could support them. Women were also not their own person; they were the property of their husbands and it was expected for them to get married and have babies. Women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed such as that of the law, the church or the government. Married women could not make legal contracts, divorce her husband or win the right to custody of their children. The History Education sector of the university of Maryland states: â€Å"The role of women in the nineteenth century was viewed as ‘’subordinate to males’’ and was therefore subject to the laws and regulations imposed upon them by men.’’ (Hoffberger 2) Moreover, for centuries there has always been a struggle for women to find equality and respect from men. Kate Chopin, a great writer of nineteenth century, had written novels that assisted in the upheaval of the previously stated rights of women, or lack of rights. Kate Chopin’s literary works often include male and female gender roles that are sometimes challenged by the female protagonists in the stories. Her literary works include themes about liberation and conformity in society. In Kate Chopin’s fictional short stories, â€Å"†The Story of an Hour,†and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby††both show examples of the lack of freedom in the role of women in society. Kate Chopin’s viewpoints in that time period helped her influenced how other women perceived women’s rights; she was a woman far ahead of her time. At the same time, Kate Chopin was an author who was underappreciated by those in her generation. Much of this was due to the fact that she was a contemporary author, who primarily wrote about women’s sexuality and their roles in the world. She had strong, independent women as role models in her youth so it is not surprising that these same attributes would blossom, not only in her personal life, but in her character’s lives as well in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.†While these two works do share some similarities there are also vast differences and a few parallels from Chopin’s own life. Katherine O’Flaherty, later Kate Chopin, was born in St. Louis, Missouri on February 8, 1851. She was born to stable and publicly known parents, Eliza and Thomas O’Flaherty. Eliza O’Flaherty was of French-Creole descent, while her father was a native of Ireland. Unfortunately, when Chopin was only five years old , her father was killed in a train accident. As a result, Kate Chopin lived her preteen years in a female-centered household. She lived with her mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother, all of whom were widows. Her great-grandmother encouraged artistic growth by teaching her piano and storytelling. Chopin got married when she was twenty year olds and had six children till her husband passed away. She was 39 years old when she began to write fiction, her earlier life being consumed with education, marriage and children. Without the backing of the feminist movement, which had barely begun in certain areas of the country, the sexual and scandalous events in her second and final novel â€Å"The Awakening†were cause for the majority of readers to ban it from the shelves of great literature. It was not until the mid-1900’s that the book was promoted in a new light to a more accepting audience. In addition, Peggy Skaggs, the author of Kate Chopin a critical Bibliography, states that â€Å"Chopin’s development as a writer reflect in microcosm the larger movement in American literature from romanticism and local color to realism and naturalism’’ ( Skaggs 10). Furthermore, Chopin’s works have reflected to American literature because of her focu s on love within race and ethnic aspect. In many of Chopin’s stories she has exceeded simple regionalism and portrayed women who seek spiritual and sexual freedom against the more restrictive southern society of nineteenth century. Kate Chopin has emerged as one of the greatest as well as most admired American short story novelists, poet, and essayists. Critic Cynthia Griffin Wolf exclaims: â€Å"The vision in all of Chopin’s best fiction is consummately interior, and it draws for strength upon her willingness to confront the bleak fact of life’s tenuous stabiles’’ (Griffin 6). One of the greatest sample is ‘’ Desiree’s baby’’ which is ‘’perhaps one of the world’s best short stories’’ (Griffin 1) Assuredly, the actual settings of â€Å"The Story of an Hour†and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†are the first instance where the two stories differ. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the entire piece takes place in Mrs. Mallard’s home or the scenery outside the house. In fact, the outside scenery plays an important role to the story, paralleling the new spring with Mrs. Mallard’s new found freedom. Whereas the inside of the house does not play as major of a role, not even revealing what room Mrs. Mallard was in when she was notified of her husband’s passing. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, the main factors of the setting include the Louisiana Bayou, the gates of Valmonde mansion, and L’Abri, a vastly larger group of settings than the prior. As in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, one setting is described more clearly and most of the story takes place in L’Abri. The homestead is described as making Madame Valmonde shudder at the first site of it and it being â€Å"a sad looking place, Big solemn oaks, branches shadowed it like a pall†(Chopin, 243). The description of L’Abri foreshadowed events to come and symbolized the relationship of Armand and Desiree. Even though the two stories do not share a setting you can see the similarities that there is some obscure background with one major setting paralleling the main character in some way. This, in part, could be due to Chopin wanting to have a writing style of her own. Also the two main characters, Mrs. Mallard and Desiree, benefited from concentrating on the one main setting, largely because this setting was a reason of conflict in the character’s lives. In the same way that the settings shared likenesses and differences, the plot and theme of the two stories also do. The plots of â€Å"The Story of an Hour†and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†obviously have to be different for the most part. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the plot is a woman who finds out her husband is dead and after an initial shock she feels free to finally live her life. Thus when she has finally come to grips with all of the events and looking forward to her new life her husband comes in and she dies of shock attributed to a pre-existing heart condition (Chopin, 77-79). In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, the plot involves a woman named Desiree. As a child she was abandoned, and taken in by the Valmondes, but as a woman fell in love with Armand, a wealthy plantation owner. They get married and have a baby together, and after a short lived bliss come to find that the baby has African American heritage. Armand turns against Desiree, assuming she is the one with African blood in her. As the story goes on Desiree kills herself and the baby only for Armand to find out he is the one who actually has African heritage (Chopin, 1-5). These two plots at first glance do not seem to share anythin g in common, however, there is one similarity gleaming through; the women’s relationships with their husbands. Both women do love their husbands, but the relationships are not on an equal level. In each case the women are looked upon as possessions. Mrs. Mallard’s thoughts were â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending her.†She openly felt controlled, while Desiree did not seem to care about the controlling attitude of Armand, which is shown in the line â€Å"When he frowned she trembled, but loved him†(Chopin, 2). While it is evident that the plots are for the most part different, one woman relishing the loss of a husband, and the other so fearing abandonment from hers that she kills herself, the themes are quite similar. Following this further, the themes of the two stories are also shared with many other works by Chopin, women in search of themselves (Korb, 1). Mrs. Mallard from â€Å"The Story of an Hour†can see her life finally beginning after the death of her husband, as illustrated by the line â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!†(Chopin, 79). She was looking forward to a life by herself, getting to know herself as an individual. Desiree, on the other hand, was searching for an identity, or herself, from the beginning when Monsieur Valmonde found her at the gate. While the Valmondes did take her in she did not feel like she had an actual identity until Armand gave her his name and she became his wife. After it became evident that the baby had African blood and the identity she had as Armand’s wife was taken away, she could not handle the idea of finding a new identity. Another similarity shared by Mrs. Mallard and Desiree is their death, in both instances provoked by their husbands. The similarities and differences are important because while people might be experiencing the same thing in real life, their attitudes towards it may not be the same along with the outcomes, which could have been a goal of the author’s. As stated earlier, many of Chopin’s works concentrate on women trying to find themselves and in these two cases after the ending of their relationships with their husbands. Whe n reading the biography of Chopin, there is a striking similarity with these two stories in particular. Kate O’Flaherty met and wed a man named Oscar Chopin around 1869. She lived a happy life with him and had six children and as stated when Kate was only thirty-six year old, her husband died of swamp fever. While she loved her husband dearly, it is believed that she only first begun writing after her husband’s death (Kirszner & Mandell, 77). In a way this resembles the way that Mrs. Mallard only thought her life was beginning after her husband’s death. On the other hand, she could have been portraying her sense of abandonment by her husband in Desiree’s character in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.†Another reason Chopin writes her characters only release from their troubles as death is because of the time period she lived in. Divorce was often unheard of or taboo. It is easy to see that one of the only main differences is the way that each of the women traveled the path to self-discovery and their outcomes. This in a large part could be from Chopin’s own marriage and life. However, all of her woman characters relate to her own life which helped shape America into a place where freedom and equality for women is possible. Although the women that she created were different, their challenges and accomplishments inspired different aspects of the feminist movement. Chopin’s literary works became highly popular in the late twentieth century and remain popular today. Thus Chopin did not quite spark the flame of the women’s rights movement, but it was tinder that fueled it into what it became. Her literary works will outlive her as a testament of the strength of women and what they can accomplish. Her contributions will survive to inspire women for generations.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Holism vs. Mechanism in Defining Totalities
Holism vs. Mechanism in Defining Totalities Science, as ordinarily understood, is concerned with those phenomena revealed through the five senses, particularly tha eyes. From a host of observations on instruments of various sorts, the physicist infers the existence of electrons, atoms and so forth. But each of us has another sort of knowledge of one special part of the universe, of one special phenomenon of the universe, namely himself (Birch 229). Much debate has centered around the dichotomy of wholes and parts from as early as Democritus (5th century BCE) and Aristotle (4th century BCE). Democritean and Aristotelian philosophies have each had their favor during parts of history. Aristotle was the earliest systematic biologist and, following an encyclopedic treatment of his personal observations on around 500 different types of animals (Swanson 23), he found as the most striking character of biological phenomena its finalism. He later extended this concept into a teleological philosophy, and although he did eventually introduce the concept of a causal necessity, the main conclusion emerging from his analysis was that by far the most important cause in biological and physical phenomena is the final cause (Montalenti 20). His was the most widely accepted view in the West for many centuries due mainly to Aquinas. Dante, for instance, reproaches Democritus for having attributed the world to the mere work of chance (inf., IV, 131, 136). Although that was not altogether precise, for the medieval Aristotelian it came down to the same thing: how can one attempt to explain the harmony of the world without resorting to final causes? Democritus, in turn, presented the West with a much valued causal interpretation of nature. For Democritus, all things resulted from the movement and interactions between atoms, soul atoms being simply a somewhat more subtle version of the others (Reeves 58). The debate between Democritean and Aristotelian points of views in science and the philosophy of the sciences centers around the question of whether novelties occur or whether all phenomena can be explained as resulting purely from elementary interactions. Both views stand on weak foundations on their own. ‘Reductionism’, as it is often called, aims at explaining the universe 1) without consorting to a fundamental notion of functionally irreducible units, and 2) by outlining the behavior and interaction between what have been shown to be probabilistic – rather than deterministic – elementary particles. In response to that view, Polanyi states that the mechanistic explanation of the universe is a meaningless ideal. Not because of the much invoked Principle of Indeterminacy, which is irrelevant, but because the prediction of all atomic positions in the universe would not answer any question of interest to anybody (41-42). But ‘holism’ does not have it easy either. It can not cling to intuitive notions (i.e. vitalism) and must make amends with the fact that matter is what there is and what ultimately forms the complexities around us – as well as ourselves. The question is, do we have the right concept of matter? In 1926 J.C. Smuts called for a reform of the concept of matter, stating that the acceptance of the view for which the materialists fought so hard means in effect a complete transformation of the simple situation which they envisaged; since matter is capable of life and consciousness, [it] is no longer the old matter which was merely the vehicle of motion and energy (10). This view is akin to Birch’s account of a lecture in which Professor W.E. Agar said â€Å"a few thousand million years ago there was primeval chaos, and now, here we are, and I think few people can really sustain a belief that a universe which produced life and man requires no different kind of explanation than would be demanded by a universe which did not do so†(Birch 230). In 1843, J.S. Mill sought to develop a middle way through what came to be known as ‘emergence’: the idea that material complexity leads to the emergence of novel properties, and that properties belonging to a system’s components may become suppressed at these higher levels of integration. It remains a matter of debate whether emergent properties may have any causal power within a system. William Hasker believes so; he maintains that although mental properties emerge from the brain and are inseparable from it, conscious properties are not logical consequences of any combination of properties and of relations between the material constituents of the brain. He further maintains that a new individual entity emerges of a certain functional configuration of the material constituents of the brain and nervous system, endowed with libertarian freedom (230). Perhaps the fact that our knowledge of elemental particles weakened rather than reinforced the Democritean ideal, we find a number of quantum physicists taking seriously the notion of irreducible unity. Schrà ¶dinger postulates that the best possible knowledge of a whole does not necessarily include the best possible knowledge of all its parts, even though they may be entirely separate and therefore virtually capable of being best possibly known, i.e., of possessing, each of them, a representative of its own. The lack of knowledge is by no means due to the interaction being insufficiently known - at least not in the way that it could possibly be known more completely - it is due to the interaction itself (Schrà ¶dinger 555). David Bohm, in turn, argues that all action is in the form of definite and measurable units of energy, momentum and other properties called quanta which cannot be further divided†¦ [Thus,] when particles interact, it is as if they were all connected by i ndivisible links into a single whole†(90) It might be, as Laszlo views it, that contemporary science has tacitly abandoned the notion of isolated particulars as its units of investigation, and now concerns itself with ordered totalities (Laszlo 2). However, in a world made up of systems within systems, totalities are not easily defined. One very good definition of unities is given to us by Maturana and Varela under the term autopoiesis – self-production or self-creation. Autopoiesis seeks to convey autonomy as the central feature of the organization of â€Å"living autopoietic machines, which they define as a network of processes of production (transformation and destruction) of components that produces the components which†¦ regenerate and realize the network of processes (relations) that produced them; and†¦ constitute it†¦ as a concrete unity (Maturana and Varela 79).
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of countries from Europe and North America promising collective defense. Currently numbering 29 nations, NATO was formed initially to counter the communist East and has searched for a new identity in the post-Cold War world. Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, with ideologically opposed Soviet armies occupying much of Eastern Europe and fears still high over German aggression, the nations of Western Europe searched for a new form of military alliance to protect themselves. In March 1948 the Brussels Pact was signed between France, Britain, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, creating a defence alliance called the Western European Union, but there was a feeling that any effective alliance would have to include the US and Canada. In the US there was widespread concern about both the spread of Communism in Europe – strong Communist parties had formed in France and Italy - and potential aggression from Soviet armies, leading the US to seek talks about an Atlantic alliance with the west of Europe. The perceived need for a new defensive unit to rival the Eastern bloc was exacerbated by the Berlin Blockade of 1949, leading to an agreement that same year with many nations from Europe. Some nations opposed membership and still do, e.g. Sweden, Ireland. Creation, Structure, and Collective Security NATO was created by the North Atlantic Treaty, also called the Washington Treaty, which was signed on April 5th 1949. There were twelve signatories, including the United States, Canada and Britain (full list below). The head of NATOs military operations is the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, a position always held by an American so their troops don’t come under foreign command, answering to the North Atlantic Council of ambassadors from member nations, which is led by the Secretary General of NATO, who is always European. The centrepiece of the NATO treaty is Article 5, promising collective security: an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. The German Question The NATO treaty also allowed for the alliance’s expansion among European nations, and one of the earliest debates among NATO members was the German question: should West Germany (the East was under rival Soviet control) be re-armed and allowed to join NATO. There was opposition, invoking the recent German aggression which caused World War Two, but in May 1955 Germany was allowed to join, a move which caused upset in Russia and led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact alliance of Eastern communist nations. NATO and the Cold War NATO had, in many ways, been formed to secure West Europe against the threat of Soviet Russia, and the Cold War of 1945 to 1991 saw an often tense military standoff between NATO on one side and the Warsaw Pact nations on the other. However, there was never a direct military engagement, thanks in part to the threat of nuclear war; as part of NATO agreements nuclear weapons were stationed in Europe. There were tensions within NATO itself, and in 1966 France withdrew from the military command established in 1949. Nevertheless, there was never a Russian incursion into the western democracies, in large part due to the NATO alliance. Europe was very familiar with an aggressor taking one country after another thanks for the late 1930s and did not let it happen again. NATO After the Cold War The end of the Cold War in 1991 led to three major developments: the expansion of NATO to include new nations from the former Eastern bloc (full list below), the re-imagining of NATO as a ‘co-operative security’ alliance able to deal with European conflicts not involving member nations and the first use of NATO forces in combat. This first occurred during the Wars of the Former Yugoslavia, when NATO used air-strikes first against Bosnian-Serb positions in 1995, and again in 1999 against Serbia, plus the creation of a 60,000 peace keeping force in the region. NATO also created the Partnership for Peace initiative in 1994, aimed at engaging and building trust with ex-Warsaw Pact nations in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and later the nations from the Former Yugoslavia. Other 30 countries have so far joined, and ten have become full members of NATO. NATO and the War on Terror: The conflict in the former Yugoslavia had not involved a NATO member state, and the famous clause 5 was first – and unanimously - invoked in 2001 after terrorist attacks on the United States, leading to NATO forces running peace-keeping operations in Afghanistan. NATO has also created the Allied Rapid Reaction Force (ARRF) for faster responses. However, NATO has come under pressure in recent years from people arguing it should be scaled down, or left to Europe, despite the increase in Russian aggression in the same period. NATO might still be searching for a role, but it played a huge role in maintaining the status quo in the Cold War, and has potential in a world where Cold War aftershocks keep happening. Member States 1949 Founder Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France (withdrew from military structure 1966), Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States1952: Greece (withdrew from military command 1974 – 80), Turkey1955: West Germany (With East Germany as reunified Germany from 1990)1982: Spain1999: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland2004: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia2009: Albania, Croatia2017: Montenegro
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Fiscal or Monetary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Fiscal or Monetary - Research Paper Example This is because the article was written at a time when the global economy had generally recovered from the economic crunch and so there was much active economic performance in terms of buying and selling. Because the global economy had generally recovered from the recession, a lot more employment avenues had been created and investments had started among several multinational companies. Consequently, Mathai (2011) notes that â€Å"workers then use their increased income to buy more goods and services, further bidding up prices and wages and pushing generalized inflation upward.†The above points discussed not withstanding; there is a very clear tendency that if the author had written his article at the time of recession from 2007 to 2009, his points and opinions would have changed a great deal. For instance at the time of the recession, even though monetary policies that were geared at adjusting the supply of money in the economy were relevant, these supplies were not needed to stabilize prices. Clearly there was no active demand and supply interfaces and so the need to channel resources at inflation would not have been the most prudent option. In relation to the recession of 2007 to 2009 therefore, the author’s choice of monetary policy would have been directed at economic growth, which would have been a perfect response to the consequences of the recession that was being
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)