Essay writing lessons
Social Change Of Immigrant Perception Essay Topic
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Gender representation in contemporary superhero films
Sexual orientation portrayal in contemporary hero films Examination PROPOSAL Sexual orientation portrayal in contemporary hero films Examination Question How sexual orientation portrayal is depicted in the contemporary Marvel hero films? Diagram of the Study This venture will assess how sexual orientation portrayal depicted in 21st century Marvel hero films. This examination will focus on utilizing Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger (dir. Josh Whedon, 2012) which is the gathering of all contemporary Marvelsââ¬â¢ hero made after Ironman since 2008. Thompson (1999) and Bordwell (2006) both contended that Hollywood movies frequently underscore on character attributes. Contemporary Hollywood filmmaking will in general draw on certain sexual orientation authentic example of superhuman is above all else a man. Thusly printed investigation will be utilized to examine how manliness and womanliness esteems are built among the fundamental characters in the film. Point Objectives The point of this examination is to assess how sexual orientation portrayal depicted in 21st century Marvel superhuman movies. The target of this examination is to dissect how manliness and womanliness esteems are developed among the primary characters in 21st century Marvel superhuman movies. Writing Review In the previous seven years, dominant part number of blockbuster hero activity experience movies, for example, Batman, X-Men, Fantastic Four, Spiderman, Hellboy 1 and 2, Hulk, Ironman, and a large group of other ââ¬Å"menâ⬠have flown, stepped, fallen, and swung across screens in these Hollywood blockbusters (Stabile, 2009). Actually, Gray Kaklamanidou (2011) portrays superhuman as somebody generally has a blend of mental and physical quality more than customary individual that battle against insidious who will prevails despite seemingly insurmountable opposition. These hero characters are essentially adjusted from comic books. The characters in the film are introduced in cliché way, for example, either present male saints and female maidens, for example, Superman Returns (2006), the Spider-Man films (2002, 2004, 2007) or, in all likelihood take into consideration a couple of female superheroes as a feature of a male-run-wrongdoing battling aggregate, as in X-Men Films (2000, 2003, 2006), and the Fantastic Four establishment (2005, 2007). Gallagher (2006) portrayed manliness as an item in our way of life; the activity film has generally been a ââ¬Ëmaleââ¬â¢ sort, managing accounts of male bravery and ladies as fringe princesses. Anyway these credits and practices will in general move after some time and are continually under exchange in the film. Moreover as Benshoff Griffin (2009) contended that despite the fact that there are slight varieties can be found in innumerable Hollywood movies, the method of visually recounting stories is essentially a similar today as it was during the 1930s. Old style Hollywood style is constantly planned to coddle story data to the observer, in this manner keeping everything plainly comprehended by the crowd. For example, Thompson (1999) and Bordwell (2006) both contended that Hollywood movies regularly stress on character qualities. Contemporary Hollywood filmmaking will in general draw on certain sex illustrative example of hero is as a matter of first importance a man. In addit ion, the superhuman is an American creation, conceived just before World War II (Gray Kaklamanidou, 2011). Subsequently the job of superhuman is constantly connected with ordinary manliness attributes while the characters in hero film are depicted in cliché habits. Curiously, in the course of recent decades, different male-commanded Hollywood types have been adjusted for female leads. Benshoff Griffin (2009) clarified that the sci-fi activity experience film has likewise created some solid female leads, played most quite by Sigourney Weaver in the Alien Films (1979, 1986, 1992, 1997) just as Jovovichââ¬â¢s Alice in the Resident Evil film establishment (2002, 2004, 2007) has become the most monetarily fruitful female activity character of the time. Be that as it may, standard Hollywood diversion despite everything arranges sexual orientation in manners that maintain and keep up man centric benefit (Cohan Hark, 1993). The nostalgic Hollywood blockbuster recipe, with its sturdy male saints, keeps on driving the business. Another perspective on sex portrayal in superhuman film is that, Hollywood filmmaking will in general endeavor attractive male bodies in real life while female activity experience saints with externalized sex advance. As Bensho ff Griffin (2009) contended that albeit an ever increasing number of ladies are entering the Hollywood business, the sexual typification of female bodies will in general encompass on the female lead while men will in general rule the fundamental job in hero film. Approach Given the exploratory idea of this examination is to assess sexual orientation portrayal depicted in 21st century Marvel hero films; it is proposed subjective exploration strategy for printed investigation will be utilized to dissect the content in contemporary Marvelââ¬â¢s superhuman movies. Printed examination in actuality is research strategy for attempting to pick up something about individuals by looking at the substance, structure, and elements of the messages contained in messages (Frey et al., 1999). As it were, literary investigation may use to depict and decipher the attributes, for example, standards of conduct, qualities and perspectives of a recorded or visual message. Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger (dir. Josh Whedon, 2012) will be chosen to assess how manliness and womanliness esteems are built among the principle characters. Truth be told, Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger is the array of all contemporary Marvelsââ¬â¢ superhuman made after Ironman since 2008 (Marvel, 2012). This film essentially comprises of four principle characters of Marvelââ¬â¢s hero that are Iron Man, Captain America, the Hulk and Thor. Moreover, the film likewise includes with other existing S.H.I.E.L.D operator Hawkeye and Blackwidow. In like manner, breaking down the content in the Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger gives the specialist the chances to consider a couple of arrangement of contemporary superhuman film at the same time. In reality, printed investigation comprises of the two qualities and shortcomings in breaking down the sexual orientation portrayal in the film. As indicated by Larsen (1991), printed examination can bring out entire scope of conceivable significance in the film content. It is additionally a favored technique for recognizing such idle significance and a useful asset for analysts who try to deliver hypothetically substantial translations of the focused on text. Be that as it may, literary examination required an incredibly close perusing on the particular content (Frey et al., 1999). It is tedious and has high upkeep need which the specialist is requires to set up the guidelines, for example, coding. Truth be told, content investigation as indicated by Weare Lin (2000) can decide the nearness composed and spoken correspondence or ideas inside writings. Be that as it may, it is prominent and a simply illustrative technique which it incapable to uncover basic thought processes in the watched design (what yet not why). Along these lines as the goal of this investigation is to dissect the sex portrayal and characters pretended in the contemporary Marvelââ¬â¢s superhuman movies, the motivation behind utilizing literary examination in this investigation is in this manner ready to give top to bottom comprehension on the content. Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger Truth be told, Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avengers is a 2012 American Hollywood film delivered by Marvel studios and dispersed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Indeed, it is including with notable Marvel superheroes Iron Man, the Incredible Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Hawkeye and Black Widow. Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger has been positioned as the third most noteworthy earning film in around the world. Anyway it is intriguing that 7 out of 8 driving are male while the main female lead is Scarlett Johansson who assumes the job as Black Widow. Wonder Studios has discharged nine movies since 2008 inside the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Iron Man (2008), The Incredible Hulk (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Marvels The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) (Marvel, 2014). Critical of study Superhuman film is moderately one of the most recent improvement slants in Hollywood film (Gray Kaklamanidou, 2011). Be that as it may, there has been no much scholarly exploration made on hero film. It is accept that the expanding number of these movies requires a top to bottom scholarly examination on the idea of superhuman in this globalized society that is stress on sex fairness. As Ryan Kellner (1990) contended that the portrayal of specific characters can progress in the direction of clarifying the political social scene the current time. It is intriguing to discover how people in these films are spoken to: how various characters are depicted, utilizing normally ladylike and manly attributes. Hence this investigation will add to the future examination and writing identified with sexual orientation in real life and hero film. Timetable of exploration End This venture will assess how sexual orientation portrayal depicted in 21st century Marvel hero films by utilizing Marvelââ¬â¢s The Avenger. Printed examination is on the grounds that it ready to give top to bottom comprehension and investigation on the sexual orientation portrayal and characters pretended in the film. While the quantity of hero is increment, this investigation fills in as a central writing hence capable adds to the future exploration on sexual orientation in real life and superhuman film. Catalog References BENSHOFF, H. M, GRIFFIN, S. (2009) America in video form: Representing race, class, sex and sexuality at the motion pictures, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. BORDWELL, Da. (2006) The way Hollywood tells it: Story and style in present day films. Berkeley: University of California Press. CODELL, J. L. (2007) Genre, sexual orientation, race and world film: A compilation, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. COHAN, S., HARK, I. R. (1993) Screening the male: Exploring masculinities in Ho
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Chronic illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Incessant ailment - Essay Example As a continuum, palliative consideration addresses the physical, mental, social and profound needs of the patient and family which can't be taken care of by one single office in case it would cause discontinuity of care. It subsequently follows multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary (integrative) care is the foundation of palliative consideration. With the incorporation of contributions from different trains as per phase of the sickness movement, torment and different manifestations, mental condition of patient and family, social and commonsense necessities and accessible assets, palliative consideration turns into a multifaceted consideration with the inclusion of essential consideration and pro specialists, nursing staff, social laborer and numerous others in an organized way guaranteeing congruity of care (Mitra and Vadivelu, 2013, p. 17). In this way, palliative consideration has been characterized as the patient and family-focused one looking to improve their personal satisfaction by treating their enduring which incorporates expectation and counteraction of the enduring by tending to their ââ¬Å"physical, scholarly, passionate, social, and profound needsâ⬠(NCP, 2013, p. 12) all through the continuum of ailment ââ¬Å"ensuring quiet self-rule, access to data and choiceâ⬠(NCP, 2013, p. ... e, its physical angles, mental and mental perspectives, social viewpoints, profound, strict and existential angles, social perspectives, care toward the finish of life and moral and lawful angles. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010 (PPACA) likewise has required arrangements for both hospice and remedial consideration under Medicaid or Childrenââ¬â¢s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). It develops in this manner that way of thinking and conveyance of palliative consideration has the accompanying attributes. 1. Arrangement of care through coordination by an interdisciplinary group. 2. Care needs are controlled by coordinated effort and correspondence among the patients, families, palliative and non-palliative consideration suppliers. 3. Simultaneous accessibility of administrations alongside remedial or life-dragging out consideration. 4. Arrangement of help to patient and family all through the time of sickness, kicking the bucket procedure, and after death (NCP, 2013 ) The NCP rules were reconsidered in 2009 and 2013. The multi year working of the NCP has seen 47 % expansion in the quantity of hospice programs and 148 % increment in non-hospice palliative consideration programs. It has been accounted for that in the United States around 1,059,000 passings out of 2,513,000 passings happened under the consideration one of more than 5,000 hospices in the year 2011. That is, 46 % of passings have been under the consideration of the hospices. It is additionally guaranteed that hospices help lessen Medicare program uses. One examination uncovers that cost for the terminal year of life was diminished by a normal $ 2309 for each patient under the consideration of hospice. (NCP, 2013). Integrative consideration Authors conversely utilize the terms ââ¬Å"interdisciplinaryâ⬠and ââ¬Å"multidisciplinaryâ⬠however they don't mean the equivalent however they speak to commitments from assortment of controls for singular patient consideration.
Wednesday, August 5, 2020
Australian Legislation on Skilled Immigrants That Prevents Them from R Case Study - 1
Australian Legislation on Skilled Immigrants That Prevents Them from R Case Study - 1 Australian Legislation on Skilled Immigrants That Prevents Them from Receiving Decent Pay â" Case Study Example > The paper â Australian Legislation on Skilled Immigrants That Prevents Them from Receiving Decent Payâ is an exciting version of a case study on the law. Australian Immigrant couple of Iraq origin, Kazim and his wife Sahar, 42 and 38 years who are qualified doctors, and their 15 years daughter, Salima migrated to Australia through Indonesia on a boat believing Australia was safe to reside. This followed the Middle Eastâ s crises hence could not work in Iraq. On their arrival at Christmas Island, they were detained for four months and applied for Australianâ s asylum and later got permanent residence settling in Melbourne. The doctors aimed at further studies as they believed in non-accreditation. The disappointment came as they failed English test despite their endowment in English and further frustrated to attend English lectures concurrently preparing for the medical-board examination. Kazim works as a physiology tutor and Sahar anatomist in a local University on a part-time basis which pays little far from meeting financial needs subject to higher living costs and cannot obtain loans due to lack of collaterals. Salimaâ s behavior is unbecoming following six months of bright-academic performance and challenges her parents including negative attitude towards church. This worsens as her teacher reveals to her parents on her poor performance based on a negative attitude. In this perspective, the paper focuses on the stringent laws in Australian on skilled immigrants that make those qualified workers from the native countries not to find highly paid jobs. The paper will thus seek to relate the impacts of these laws to the current case study involving this couple and to show how such unconventional practices hurt the economy as well as the individual standard of living. The couple first was misled on a hear-say that life in Australia was promising as they went to this place without the knowledge of how the cost of living was which later revealed to be so expensive (Cobb-Clark, 2007, p. 111). On the other hand, their daughter who had shown a brighter academic performance that later changed attitude could be attached to the difficulty she was facing due to the inadequacy of finances to meet their needs. We can thus not solely blame their daughter as she had proved beyond any reasonable doubt, that she could perform well as indicated by her promising academic performance for the first six months (Rees, Lindsay Rice, 2008, p. 178). The decision by the parents to seek alternatives at the local University can still be attached to discrimination on the part of the employer role in Australia who always would show discrimination amongst the immigrants despite the immigrantsâ role in the labor market. Effects of a countryâ s (Iraq) instability to its citizensIn this regard, the paper seeks to attach all the tribulations faced by these immigrants to the crises that erupted in the Middle East that make them uncomfortable to work in their native country for fear of loss of lives and devastating labor market. Qualified doctors should enjoy the fruits for having toiled through schooling but this is short-lived as the country is a war-prone area with massive terrorist activities being felt. To this end, we are exposed to the benefits of a stable and peaceful country as this will minimize migrations amongst its citizen which will eliminate possible psychological and physical torture as faced by this particular family; they are detained for four months and a further lower standard of living resulting from their native landâ s crises.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
The Understanding Of An Individual Culture Background
We know that culture intelligence is related to cross-culture competence. The understanding of an individual culture background. My key objective is that people fail to adjust to understand new cultures, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspect of other cultures. Before anyone goes to a foreign country for a new job, living or visiting, we should educate ourselves before taking that journey. We know going to another country can be scary, but we can learn new things from them and they can learn new things from our country and culture. You have to know how to motivate a multicultural group with different languages, and who have different culture context. Know their sensitivity and habits. We all have different thinking patterns. Allâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Feelings are related to beliefs, to our notion of what is the right way to behave. We should take notice of our ability to cope with oneââ¬â¢s own and other peopleââ¬â¢s emotional reactions when awkwardness and cultural misunderstandings occur. The cognitive component is the rational component. It is based on reason and the capacity to develop mental structures which enable us to understand each otherââ¬â¢s mindset, or to think about what is going on and to make judgments based on conceptual frameworks and language. There is understanding of oneself as a cultural being as well as understanding people with a different cultural background (Ackermanââ¬â¢s (1996) This component is about what happens during an encounter, sometimes we decide to based us on judgments about the situation coming from the emotional and rational data we have collected from other people. We should show different actions and communication during the cultural encounter, what participant would actually do this in encounter we need to communicate more like, interpersonal communication, for example, listening, questioning, summarizing, agreeing or disagreeing etc. as well as skills which we have learned to manage relationships in general involving body language, etiquette, rituals, rules and techniques. The developmental continuum of cultural sensitivity The Intercultural Development Continuum is a set of knowledge/attitude/skill sets or orientations toward
Monday, May 11, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Negotiation Jujitsu Free Essays
What if They Wonââ¬â¢t Play (Use Negotiation Jujitsu) Getting to YesNegotiating Agreement Without Giving In By Roger Fisher and William Ury Vikas Singh Ed Hill What if They Wonââ¬â¢t Play â⬠¢ Theymaystatetheirpositioninunequivocal terms â⬠¢ Concernedonlywithmaximizingtheirowngains â⬠¢ Theymayattackyouinplaceofattackingthe problems Three Basic Strategies â⬠¢ What you can do â⬠¢ What they can do ââ¬â Negotiation Jujitsu â⬠¢ What a third party can do ââ¬â One Text Mediation Procedure Negotiation Jujitsu Three Basic Maneuvers Asserting their position forcefully â⬠¢ Attacking your ideas â⬠¢ Attacking you Donââ¬â¢t attack their position, look behind it â⬠¢ Neither reject nor accept the position â⬠¢ Treat it as one possible option â⬠¢ Look for interest and principles behind it â⬠¢ Think of ways to improve it Donââ¬â¢t defend your ideas, invite criticism and advice â⬠¢ Invite criticism, instead of resisting it â⬠¢ As k them what is wrong with a particular idea or an option â⬠¢ Use their criticism and advice to find out their underlying interests and principles â⬠¢ Rework your ideas in light of what you learn Recast an attack on you as an attack on the problem â⬠¢ Resist the temptation to defend yourself or attack them â⬠¢ Listen to them â⬠¢ Understand what they are saying â⬠¢ Recast their attack on you as an attack on the problem Ask questions and pause â⬠¢ Use questions instead of statements â⬠¢ Silence One-text procedure Call in a third party to: â⬠¢ Separate the people from the problem â⬠¢ Direct the discussion to interests and options â⬠¢ Suggest impartial basis for resolving differences â⬠¢ Separate invention from decision making How does a third party do this Asksabouttheinterestsratherthanpositions â⬠¢ Learnallabouttheirneedsandinterests â⬠¢ Suggest a provisional solution/recommendation â⬠¢ Askthemtocritiqueitorsuggestimprovements â⬠¢ Improvisetherecommendationinlightofinputs â⬠¢ Presentthefinalsolution Getting them to play: The case of Jones Realty and Frank Turnbull â⬠¢$600 rent per month â⬠¢Apartment under rent control â⬠¢Max rent at $466 per month â⬠¢Mrs. Jones reimburses after several long principled negotiation sessions Stock Phrases â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Please correct me if Iââ¬â¢m wrong. â⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"We appreciate what youââ¬â¢ve done for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Jujitsu or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Our concern is fairnessâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"We would like to settle this on the basis of Independent standards, not of who can do what to whomâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Trust is a separate issueâ⬠Stock Phrases (cont. ) â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"CouldIaskyouafewquestionstoseewhether my facts are right? â⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢stheprinciplebehindyouraction? â⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"LetmeseeifIunderstandwhatyouââ¬â¢resayingâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Letmegetbacktoyouâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Let me show you where I have trouble following some of your reasoning Stock Phrases (cont. ) â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"One fair solution might be. â⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"If we agree.. If we disagree. â⬠ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢d be happy to see if we can leave when itââ¬â¢s most convenient for youâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s been a pleasure dealing with youâ⬠ââ¬Å"Please correct me If Iââ¬â¢m wrongâ⬠â⬠¢ Establish dialogue based on reason â⬠¢ Invitation to participat e â⬠¢ Good probability you wonââ¬â¢t ââ¬Å"lose faceâ⬠â⬠¢ Opening to correction and persuasion sets the tone ââ¬Å"We appreciate what youââ¬â¢ve done for usâ⬠â⬠¢ Through support, separate people from problem â⬠¢ Defuses self-image threat â⬠¢ Other side now has something to lose: ââ¬â Praise and support ââ¬Å"Our concern is fairnessâ⬠â⬠¢ Take basic stand on principle â⬠¢ Remain open Both ends and means to accomplish ends are principled ââ¬Å"We would like to settle this on the basis of independent standards, no of who can do what to whomâ⬠â⬠¢ Donââ¬â¢t lose temper- and thus, control â⬠¢ Bring negotiation back to merits â⬠¢ Good example of negotiation jujitsu â⬠¢ Reinforces principled negotiation ââ¬Å"Trust is a separate Issueâ⬠â⬠¢ Slip out of corner â⬠¢ Remain firm on the principle ââ¬Å"Could I ask you a few questions to see whether my facts are right? â⬠â⬠¢ Statements of fact can be threatening, questions are better â⬠¢ Phrasing info as questions allows open participation Lays foundation for agreed upon facts ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s the principle behind your action? â⬠â⬠¢ A principled negotiator neither accepts nor rejects other sideââ¬â¢s opinion â⬠¢ Leads other side to search for reasons â⬠¢ Negotiation continues on principle ââ¬Å"Let me see If I understand what youââ¬â¢re sayingâ⬠â⬠¢ Principled negotiation requires good communication â⬠¢ Other side more likely to listen and be more receptive ââ¬Å"Let me get back to youâ⬠â⬠¢ Good negotiator rarely makes important decisions on the spot â⬠¢ Timeanddistancehelptoseparatepeoplefrom problem Goodnegotiatorscomestotablewithcredible reason for leaving â⬠¢ Allowsdiscussionwithconstituents(Paul) â⬠¢ Freshcommitmenttoprinciplednegotiation ââ¬Å"Let me show you where I have trouble following some of your reasoningâ⬠â⬠¢ Present reasons before offering proposal â⬠¢ Proposal first will often lead to other side not listening to reasons ââ¬â Considering counterproposals ââ¬Å"One fair solution might be. â⬠â⬠¢ Proposal not as yours, but as fair option â⬠¢ Proposal not as only solution, but one fair solution ââ¬Å"If we agree.. If we disagree. â⬠â⬠¢ Try to make it easy for other side â⬠¢ Trickiest part is to communicate the alternative Use of third party ââ¬â Creates distance, thus, separation of people from problems â⬠¢ Donââ¬â¢t always reveal BATNA ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢d be happy to see if we can leave when itââ¬â¢s most convenient for youâ⬠â⬠¢ Incorporate other sideââ¬â¢s interests â⬠¢ Allows for other side to ââ¬Å"save faceâ⬠â⬠¢ Other side feels good about agreement ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s been a pleasure dealing with youâ⬠â⬠¢ End on a good note â⬠¢ Reestablishes principle of separation of people from problem â⬠¢ Relationship maintained Summary â⬠¢ You can get the other side to play principled negotiation, even if they donââ¬â¢t want to at first â⬠¢ Principled negotiation, negotiation jujitsu, or a third party all work How to cite Negotiation Jujitsu, Papers
Friday, May 1, 2020
Why We Should Keep The Electoral College Essay Example For Students
Why We Should Keep The Electoral College Essay The Electoral CollegeTodayWhy is it that in the United States the words politics and politician has associations that are uncharacteristically negative for our countrys leaders? Today, Americas politicians have turned into greedy executives. The mix of politics and business is driving our country away from the principles that our founding fathers set fourth. Why is our forty-third president in office when the majority of Americans voted for a different candidate? An election that gives the people the choice without regard to state lines of a president by a majority would cure some of the current problems of the Electoral College. We have a president that bullied his way into office and now many Americans question the government. Where did the Electoral College go wrong?The popularity vote seems to not play any factor in our presidential election. A major conflict concerning the Electoral College lingers in America. The Constitutional Convention created the Electoral College in 1789 i n hopes that it would be an adequate system (MacBride 29). The Electoral College consists of senators and representatives who cast their votes for the state they represent. Those who feel that the college should remain as it is believe that the American people are too uninformed about election issues to vote. The argument for the modification of the college maintains that the people are not actually electing the president, but the larger states are. Ultimately, the majority of the United States citizens support the elimination of an Electoral College that serves no purpose in the government. The argument in favor of the continuation of the Electoral College holds that it represents an effective institution. First, the format of the college demonstrates its validity. The amount of electoral votes awarded to each state, extremely critical in elections, remains decided by the number of senators and representatives in Congress (Polsby 45). Many politicians find the existing system extre mely efficient because they feel the electors represent their constituents (Best 52). In addition, the Electoral Colleges ability to efficiently serve its purpose provides a reason for its long existence. An electoral system should produce a definite, accepted winner and avoid prolonged contests and disputes that create uncertainty and public turmoil (Best 210). Moreover, never in the history of the Electoral College has a controversy developed in which the college rejected an individual who had an undisputed majority of the popular vote (Best 52). Most importantly, those who agree with preserving the Electoral College believe that election by popular vote, the alternative to the college, would create numerous deficiencies in the system. Election by direct popular vote would be hazardous to the nations health, said a concerned citizen (Weisberger 24). Liable to deceptions of the truth and too uniformed of the candidates, the people, voting directly, pose a threat to the system of el ecting presidents (Weisberger 24). Many people feel that the popular election of presidents would work a diminution of the political power of racial and other minority groups in the nations urban centers (Bickel 13). On the other hand, the position in favor of ridding the nation of the Electoral College argues that the college serves no purpose. First of all, the present format of the Electoral College manifests the colleges insufficient qualities. The current format of the college, giving the edge to the larger states, exhibits the inadequacies of it (Polsby 32). The electoral college system, it is claimed, does not guarantee that the candidate with the most popular votes will win, produces great inequalities in voting power among the national electorate, contains a contingency election provision that is not only unrepresentative but that could also result in an impasse or in political duels, permits the will of the majority voters in a state or even in the nation to be thwarted th rough the constitutional independence of the electors, and permits the electoral decision to turn on fraud or chance in key states (Best 22). A study conducted by John F. Banzhaf, III revealed states like New York and California have over two and one half times as much chance to effect the election of the president as residents of the smaller states (Bickel 6). Furthermore, causing confusion amongst the political system, the Electoral College raised a question mark in Congress. Passed by more than the mandatory two-thirds vote in 1969, the House called for a constitutional amendment to change the election of presidents and vice-presidents is by nation a wide popular vote rather than the Electoral College (Bickel 10). However, the amendment failed to result in a vote on the Senate floor (Bickel 11). Contrary to claims that the college represents the peoples voice, the colleges popularity decreased dramatically nation wide. First of all, the citizens feel that they reserve the right t o directly elect their commander in chief. Election by popular vote is much more accurate of an election than the Electoral College (MacBride 19). Decreasing the amount of problems brought on by the college, elections by popular vote allows the United States citizens to truly and fairly elect the president of their choice (MacBride26). Most importantly, election by popular vote permits the citizens to take part in their government denied to them by the existence of the Electoral College. Numerous changes in the election system and the citizens view of it would take place as a result of the abolishment of the Electoral College. Bickel, in his book Reform and Continuity, claims if each states electoral vote were divided precisely or roughly in proportion to the popular vote cast for each candidate in each state, the representation would become quite real, and might have considerable effect (Bickel 5). In addition feeling good about themselves for taking part in the political system and making a difference, the citizens would gain more respect for the political system (MacBride 25). The Electoral College clearly stands as an insufficient system for electing the president. Election by popular vote, truly giving the people the choice, should be established in the electing of the president instead of the college. Moreover, the governments choosing that the bigger the states, the more electoral votes they receive is a grave mistake. It has been determined that the presidency is either won or lost in the large industrial states, where one or another group can make all of the difference (Bickel 50). Strangely enough, the presidential nominees tend to come from big states and tend to run on platforms likely to appeal to interest groups that cluster there (Polsby 46). The governments deciding to continue to utilize the Electoral College is a drastic mistake. Ultimately, the establishment of popular vote as a means for electing the president offers a new hope for consti tuents in a political system that often leaves them disillusioned. Apparently, the Electoral College is insufficient in every way. The United States has the technology to be one of the most efficient countries. Although if we can not a president thoroughly and correctly, our country we fail in every way possible. 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